PROGRAM OUTLINE

Course Objective:
Climate hazards are one of the important triggers to disasters, and are likely to gain further prominence with changing climate. Weather and climate information also constitute key starting points for many Early Warning Systems. Early Warning Systems consist of climate prediction and translation of the severe weather/climate information into potential hazards understood by the users. The course is designed in five modules covering basic understanding of earth’s climate system, introduction to weather and climate forecasting, and the architecture of Early Warning Systems in the context of hydro-meteorological hazards.

The course aims to provide a clear understanding of basic aspects of weather and climate hazards, along with frameworks of meteorological observational and forecasting systems. It will also introduce various operational forecasting products generated that are crucial to disaster preparedness and management.

Learning Outcomes:
Upon the completion of this course, the students will be able to:
 Effectively use weather and climate information to assess climate and disaster risks
 Apply methods for collection and monitoring of climate data as per international protocols and standards
 Design a framework for early warning systems for hydro-meteorological hazards
 Apply the knowledge of climate change to reduce disaster risks

Prerequisite: None

Course Outline:
I. Introductory Climatology
1. Earth’s climate system and atmospheric composition
2. General circulation and global climatology
3. Variation of meteorological parameters in different time-scales
4. Concepts of Climate Change and Climate Variability
II. Weather and Climate
1. Meteorological Observations and predictions
2. Global and regional climate models
3. Weather forecasting and Climate services
III. Climate Extremes
1. Extremes in climate variables
2. Role of El Nino and other similar oscillations
3. Thunderstorms, tornadoes and tropical cyclones/typhoons
IV. Climate Change
1. Changing atmosphere and observed trends
2. Future climate change and its impacts

V. Early Warning Systems
1. Early warning system concepts
2. Flood forecasting and warning systems
3. Drought early warning systems
4. Cyclone Early-warning systems
5. Heat health early warning systems

Course Objective:
Floods and droughts are one of the most destructive natural phenomena in Asia and around the world. They can cause serious damage to life, properties, public utilities and infrastructures. They hamper social and economic growth of many countries. The objective of this course is to provide knowledge on hydrology of floods and droughts; understanding of their causes, frequencies and magnitudes; modeling
of floods and droughts; effective management and mitigation measures of floods and droughts.

Learning Outcomes:
On completion of this course, the students will be able to:
 Identify and solve problems relating to hydrology of floods and droughts and analyze their characteristics
 Apply models of floods and droughts
 Design forecasting and warning systems
 Assess impacts of floods and droughts
 Identify and apply floods and droughts mitigation measures to manage associated risks

Prerequisite: None
Course Outline:
I. Introduction and Overview
1. Hydrologic cycle and processes
2. Hydrologic measurements
3. Extreme events
4. Forecasting and warning
5. Impact and mitigation
II. Hydrology of Floods and Droughts
1. Estimation techniques
2. Flood characteristics and their distributions
3. Drought characteristics and their distributions
4. Modeling of floods and droughts
III. Forecasting and Warning Systems
1. Overview of forecasting models
2. Equipments for forecasting
3. Flood and drought warning
4. Warning procedure and dissemination
IV. Impacts and Assessment of Floods and Droughts
1. Impacts: physical, socio-economic and environmental
2. Assessment tools and techniques
3. Vulnerability and capacity assessment
4. Stakeholder participation

V. Floods and Mitigation
1. Mitigation measures
2. Preparedness, readiness, emergency response and rehabilitation
3. Flood damages
4. Institutional arrangement
5. Collaboration and coordination
VI. Droughts and Mitigation
1. Mitigation and adaptation measures
2. Drought damages
3. Drought management
4. Water management schemes to cope with drought
5. Institutional arrangement
6. Collaboration and coordination
VII. Risk Assessment and Management of Floods and Droughts
1. Hazard, vulnerability and risk
2. Risk assessment methods
3. Risk management
4. Preparedness and mitigation

Course Objective:
An earthquake can create a variety of detrimental effects to people in the affected area. To effectively minimize these effects, a mix of knowledge from many disciplines is required. The objective of this course is to provide this required mix of knowledge, which includes the nature of earthquakes and their consequences, methodologies for assessing earthquake hazard and earthquake-induced losses, and
strategies for earthquake risk mitigation, emergency response, and disaster recovery, etc

Learning Outcomes:
On completion of the course, the students will be able to:
 Recognize various possible impacts and losses caused by earthquakes (liquefaction, landslide, tsunami, etc.)
 Carry out a preliminary assessment of seismic hazard of a given city or town
 Conduct a preliminary estimation of potential losses in an earthquake scenario
 Develop effective strategies for earthquake risk mitigation, emergency response, and disaster recovery

Prerequisite: None
Course Outline:
I. Basic Seismology
1. Types of Earthquakes, Causes of Earthquakes
2. Plate Tectonics, Active Faults
3. Seismic Waves, Seismographs
4. Earthquake Magnitude, Ground Shaking Intensity
II. Seismic Hazard Assessment
1. Types of Seismic Hazards
2. Deterministic and Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessments
3. Modelling of Seismic Sources
4. Ground Motion Attenuation Relationships
5. Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis
6. Seismic Hazard Maps and their uses for Earthquake Disaster Mitigation
III. Tsunami
1. Causes and Nature of Tsunami
2. Characteristics of Tsunami Waves
3. Damage and Impacts by Tsunami
4. Tsunami Warning System
5. Tsunami Hazard Maps, Tsunami Risk Mitigation Measures
IV. Earthquake-Induced Ground Failures
1. Soil Liquefaction
2. Evaluation of Liquefaction Hazard
3. Mitigation Measures for Liquifaction

4. Earthquake-Induced Landslides
5. Surface Rupture along Fault
V. Seismic Vulnerability of Buildings and Structures
1. Lessons Learned from Past Earthquakes
2. Seismic Vulnerability of Different Building Classes
3. Key Concepts in Seismic Resistant Design of Structures
4. Various Possible Failures in Structures caused by Earthquakes
5. Strengthening and Mitigating Seismic Risk
VI. Seismic Loss Estimation
1. Methodology for Seismic Loss Estimation
2. Vulnerability Assessment for Buildings, Lifelines, and Other Structures
3. Estimation of Physical Damage, Number of Casualties, and Economic Losses
4. Application of Seismic Loss Estimation in Emergency Response & Risk Mitigation
VII. Strategies for Earthquake Protection
1. Getting the General Public Prepared
2. Construction Control & Building Stock Management
3. Earthquake Education
4. Earthquake Insurance
5. Earthquake Emergency Management (Search & Rescue, Medical Emergency, etc.)
6. Earthquake Recovery
7. Physical Reconstruction
8. Roles of National and Local Governments in Earthquake Risk Reduction
9. Roles of Urban and Regional Planners in Earthquake Risk Reduction
Laboratory Session(s): None

Course Objective:
Coastal zones occupy less than 15% of the Earth’s land area, while they host more than 40% of the world’s population. The dynamic nature of the coasts makes it challenging to develop and adopt a standard solution for every region; therefore, understanding the coastal processes is the key to developing a successful management plan. Understanding coastal processes and its risk and resilience pathways are essential as coastal areas are at risk from erosion, rising sea levels, tsunamis, storm surges, etc. Climate change and associated outcomes will further worsen the situation in the near future. Moreover, the coastal areas are associated with critical economic infrastructures like seaports, Oil refineries, power plants, and not to mention tourism infrastructures, as well as fishing establishments which are subjected to coastal hazards that make the economy and the coastal population vulnerable. Modeling and forecasting coastal natural hazards will help developing various mitigation and adaptation strategies. In this module, the students will learn about the coastal processes, major hazards associated with the coastal environment, and their possible site-specific solutions. The module also deals with modeling and forecasting various climate-related natural hazards like erosion, sea level rise, storm surge, and coastal flooding, which are essential for coastal management & policies.

Learning Outcomes :
Upon successful completion of this course, students will be able to
 Understand the coastal and estuarine dynamics.
 Understand the various coastal hazards and oceanographic parameter like wave, current, and tide and their influence on coastal processes.
 Coastal hydrodynamics and how it is influencing the environmental settings for a particular coastline.
 Explain the Resilience Concepts and interrelations with the various coastal processes
 Coastal hazards and their impacts on the infrastructure, population and economy
 Modelling coastal hazards like erosion, sea level rise, inundation, etc.
 Coastal zone management plan and adaptation strategies

Prerequisite: None

Course Outline:
A. Basic concepts of Oceanography, coasts, and estuaries
1. Coasts: Definition and basic concepts of coastal processes.
2. Coastal Geomorphology: Types of coastal landforms and their development.
3. Estuaries: Processes and classifications.
4. Tides, waves and their generating forces; shallow and deep-water waves; near-shore current,
longshore current, reap current, and sediment movement.
5. Coriolis effect, Ekman transport, the concept of upwelling and downwelling, thermohaline
circulation, effects of stratification, T-S diagrams.
6. Shallow and deep-water wave theory; Kelvin and Rossby waves.
7. Currents. types, generation, and significance, world currents

B. Coastal hazards and modelling 

1. Types of coastal hazards and their impacts.
2. Erosion: coastal erosion process and shoreline shifting from satellite data.
3. Sea level rise: global and regional sea level rise, causes and impacts, sea level rise
projections, and, future coastal inundation.
4. Cyclones and storm surges
5. Storm Surges and effects of storm surges on the coastal environment.
6. Causes of coastal flooding and its effects.
7. Tsunamis, generation propagation, and impact.

B. Resilience Concepts and Coastal Processes

1. Fundamentals concepts of resilience
2. Typology of coastal infrastructure
3. Impacts of coastal hazards on infrastructure, population and economy
4. Impact chain analysis for coastal systems
C. Coastal Zone Management and Adaptation Strategies:
1. Guidelines for Coastal zone management; Impacts of construction on the coastal zone,
construction of jetties, breakwaters, sea walls, revetments, etc.;
2. Application of Integrated Coastal Zone Management plan for the sustainability of coastal
ecosystems and relationship with SDG.

Laboratory Session(s):
1. Basics of remote sensing and GIS application on Coast and ocean.
2. Climate change and observations from various satellite data.
3. Erosion modeling: historical erosion observed from satellite imageries.
4. Sea level rise: PSMSL datasets and trend analysis, future prediction models.
5. SLR-induced inundation modeling
6. Coastal flooding: inundation modeling using Google Earth Engine, inundated areas during
historic catastrophic events.
7. Loss and damage assessments of coastal infrastructures

Course Outline

I. Introduction

• Spatial Information Engineering for Disaster management
• Applications of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information for Disaster Mitigation

II. Principle of Remote Sensing

• Satellite Remote Sensing for Damage Detection
• Optical Sensors
• Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
• High Resolution Satellites
• LIDAR Images
• Image Processing and Analysis

III. Principle of Geographic Information System

• Geo-spatial and Thematic Data Analysis
• GPS and Field Surveying
• Geological Data Analysis
• Social and Economical Data Analysis
• Data Integration and Database Generation
• Data Management and Updating
• Spatial Analysis and Visualization
• Geo-spatial Information Sharing and Services

IV. Advanced Mapping Technology

• UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle)
• MMS (Mobile Mapping System)
• Field Sensor Network

V. Space-Based Technology for Disaster and International Collaborations

• Activity in United Nations
• Activity in Asia

VI. Location Based Service

• Web GIS
• Geo-Portal
• Early Warning System

Course Outline

Module 1: Concepts on Background
• Basic concepts in hazard, vulnerability and disaster risk
• Types and classification of hazards
• Purpose and benefits of hazard, vulnerability and risk assessment

Module 2: Hazards and Vulnerability assessment
• Developing vulnerability indicators
• Tools, data requirements, process for implementation and outputs.
• Assessment Methods and tools
• Hazard, exposure and vulnerability assessment
• Deterministic and probabilistic assessment of hazards

Module 3: Risk assessment
• Understanding Risk Elements
• Risk mapping using qualitative and quantitative methods
• Deterministic and probabilistic risk assessment
• Scenario based disaster risk analysis (scenarios of hazards and mitigation planning)
• Understand how risk assessment is used in risk reduction and disaster preparedness.
• Risk information and decision

Module 1: Introduction and background

• Disaster Typology, Past and Current Events
• Economic perspective: Market and non-market institutions
• Price, supply shock, consumption shock
• Evaluating cost from GDP perspective
• Assignment

Module II: Total Economic Cost perspective

• Sustainable Development Perspective
• SDG perspective
• Individual, Community and Government Perspective
• Benefit-cost principles
• Assignment

Course Outline

I. Human Conflicts and Interventions
• Conflicts: A historical perspective
• Conflicts today: Their nature and characteristics (ethnic, religious, political, etc.)
• Humanitarian interventions: Politics and legality

II. The war on Terror
• The World of Fear: Its nature and consequences
• The political background and geopolitical issues
• The response to the threat
• Preventing terrorism: Challenges and opportunities

III. Complex Political Emergencies
• Definition and nature
• Response to CPEs: The UN, states, NGOs and aid agencies

IV. International Humanitarian System and Assistance
• The growth of Humanitarian evaluation
• Case studies: Somalia, Rwanda, Kosovo, South-east Asia after tsunami, etc.
• Lessons from the case studies

V. Future of Humanitarian Action
• Building capacity: State, NGOs and media
• Preventing emergencies: Local to national efforts